Nephrology and Urology
Erythropoietin (EPO) dosing in anemia of CKD
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) like erythropoietin (EPO) are integral for managing anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) . The recommended initial EPO dosing varies based on the route of administration and the patient’s clinical situation. For subcutaneous (SC) administration, start with a dose ranging from 50 to 100 U/…
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Iron Therapy
Using IV iron may improve heart failure symptoms
As a clinical pharmacist, you'll hear about using IV iron to improve heart failure symptoms. This is very preliminary, but could be important if it pans out. Up to 20% of heart failure patients are iron deficient which can lead to fatigue and exercise intolerance. Now evidence shows that treating iron deficiency can help patients …
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Vitamin-B12 Deficiency
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)
O verview ― Iron deficiency is present if serum ferritin is < 12 ng/mL or < 30 ng/mL if also anemic. In adults, caused by bleeding unless proved otherwise. Causes include blood loss (gastrointestinal, menstrual, repeated blood donation), deficient diet or decreased absorption of iron and increased requirements (pregnancy, lactation). Women with heavy menstrual…
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Vitamin-B12 Deficiency
Overview of anemia
Screening ― Do not perform routine screening for anemia in nonpregnant, asymptomatic patients. Although determination of hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit is important to evaluating a variety of complaints (e.g., fatigue, weight loss, abdominal pain, GI bleeding) and may provide clues in asymptomatic patients to presence of treatable disease (e.g., GI malignancy…
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