Oral (30% elemental iron), indicated for treatment & prevention iron deficiency anemia.
Action ã…¡ an essential mineral found in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and many enzymes. Enters the bloodstream and is transported to the organs of the reticuloendothelial system (liver, spleen, bone marrow) where it becomes part of iron stores.
Therapeutic effects ã…¡ resolution or prevention of iron deficiency anemia.
Action ã…¡ an essential mineral found in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and many enzymes. Enters the bloodstream and is transported to the organs of the reticuloendothelial system (liver, spleen, bone marrow) where it becomes part of iron stores.
Therapeutic effects ã…¡ resolution or prevention of iron deficiency anemia.
- Absorption: Approximately 5–10% of dietary iron is absorbed (up to 30% in deficiency states). Therapeutically administered PO iron is up to 60% absorbed via active and passive transport processes
- Distribution: Remains in the body for many mo. Crosses the placenta; enters breast milk
- Protein binding: ≥ 90%
- Metabolism and Excretion: Mostly recycled; small daily losses occurring via desquamation, sweat, urine, and bile
- Contraindicated in anemia not due to iron deficiency, hemochromatosis (hemosiderosis) and hypersensitivity to iron products.
- Use cautiously in peptic ulcer disease, ulcerative colitis or regional enteritis (condition may be aggravated), alcoholism and severe hepatic & renal impairment.
- CNS: dizziness, headache, syncope.
- GI: nausea, constipation, dark stools, epigastric pain, GI bleeding, vomiting.
- Others: temporary staining of teeth (liquid preparations).
- Oral (Adults) deficiency: 2–3 mg/kg/day in 2–4 divided doses or 60–100 mg elemental iron twice daily.
- Oral (Adults) prophylaxis: 60–100 mg elemental iron daily.
- Oral (Infants and Children) treatment of severe deficiency: 4–6 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses.
- Oral (Infants and Children) treatment of mild to moderate deficiency: 3 mg/kg/day in 1–2 divided doses.
- Oral (Infants and Children) prophylaxis: 1–2 mg/kg/day in 1–2 divided dose (maximum: 15 mg/day).
- Oral (Neonates , premature): 2–4 mg/kg/day in 1–2 divided doses, maximum of 15 mg/day.
- Food and drugs reducing iron absorption. Antacids (raise pH, low acidity): Maalox, histamine (H2) receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors (PPI).
- Inhibitors of iron absorption are tannins (in tea) and calcium supplements or dairy products.
- Drugs increasing iron absorption: vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) 200 mg or orange juice 8 ounces increases iron absorption by 10% (minimal).
- Nguyen, M. and Tadi, P. (2020). Iron Supplementation. [online] PubMed. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557376
- Iron Supplementation. [online] Available at: https://fpnotebook.com/HemeOnc/Pharm/IrnSplmntn.htm
- Lexicomp, www.lexicomp.com
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Pharmacology